Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase and its Relationship with Lipid Profile and Fasting Blood Sugar in Patients with Circulatory System Diseases in Diwaniyah Governorate

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading cause of global mortality, characterized by complex pathophysiological changes that begin with endothelial dysfunction and lipid accumulation. In this context, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) serves as a vital cellular biomarker released during tissue damage, offering potential for the early detection of cardiovascular injury. This analytical cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum LDH levels and essential biochemical indicators (lipid profile and fasting blood sugar) among patients with circulatory system diseases in Al-Diwaniyah Governorate. The study included 75 participants: 40 diagnosed patients and 35 healthy controls. Serum LDH, fasting blood sugar (FBS), and complete lipid profiles were measured, alongside demographic data collection. Results demonstrated a highly significant elevation (p < 0.001) in serum LDH levels in the patient group (345.6 ± 42.3 U/L) compared to controls (175.4 ± 28.1 U/L). This increase was accompanied by severe biochemical dysregulation, including markedly higher FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, alongside reduced HDL levels. Exacerbation of these markers was strongly associated with increased BMI and a positive family history. In conclusion, LDH is an effective biomarker for the early detection of circulatory diseases. Integrating routine LDH measurements into cardiovascular assessments can significantly enhance risk stratification, diagnostic accuracy, and early clinical management.