Detection of Biofilm Production by Some Type of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Patients

Abstract

This study evaluates the anti-biofilm efficacy of biologically synthesized selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) against pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical settings, addressing the significant global health challenge posed by biofilm-producing bacteria and widespread antimicrobial resistance. The objective is to assess SeNPs as a potential alternative strategy to combat biofilm-associated infections. The study was conducted at Diwaniyah General Hospital. Bacterial isolates (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus spp., E. coli) and one fungal isolate (C. albicans) were identified from 150 wound and burn samples. SeNPs were biosynthesized using Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a biological reduction of sodium selenite. The anti-biofilm activity of SeNPs at various concentrations (2 to 1048 µg/mL) was assessed using the Tissue Culture Plate Method (TCPM). The SeNPs demonstrated significant, dose-dependent anti-biofilm activity against all tested pathogens. At the highest concentration (1048 µg/mL), SeNPs showed 99.4±1.94% inhibition of B. cereus biofilm, 98.1±1.86% inhibition of Staphylococcus spp., 96.2±2.01% inhibition of E. coli, and 93.9±1.18% inhibition of C. albicans. Even at lower concentrations (e.g., 2 µg/mL), activity was observed, though it was lowest against Staphylococcus spp. (23.3±1.17%). Statistical analysis (LSD = 1.62, p < 0.05) confirmed significant differences between concentrations. Biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles exhibit potent anti-biofilm capabilities against clinically relevant pathogens. These findings suggest SeNPs are a promising nanomaterial for developing new therapeutic strategies to manage and treat persistent biofilm-mediated infections.