Fatal Systemic Toxicity Following Ingestion of Bryophyllum pinnatum Leaves: A Clinical Case Report

Abstract

Background: Bryophyllum pinnata is a perennial succulent herb of the family Crassulaceae. It is widely used for traditional purpose because of its pharmacological properties. However, it contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and bufadienolides that can cause systemic toxicity. Case Summary: A 63-year-old male patient with a known history of cardiac disease consumed approximately three to four leaves of Bryophyllum pinnata for medicinal purpose. Shortly after ingestion, he developed gastrointestinal related symptoms followed by hemodynamic instability. His condition progressed to shock, sepsis, anuria, and metabolic acidosis. Despite intensive medical management, the patient’s condition deteriorated and ultimately resulted in death. The pre-existing cardiac disorder may have been a predisposing factor that heightened the susceptibility to the toxic effects of Bryophyllum pinnata, particularly due to its cardiac glycoside like compounds. Conclusion: This case highlights the potential toxic and fatal effects of Bryophyllum pinnata consumption, especially in individuals with underlying cardiac disease. Caution is warranted when using Bryophyllum pinnata for medicinal purposes, and awareness regarding its possible adverse effects should be highlighted among healthcare providers and the general public.