Chemotherapeutic Propensity of Africa Locust Bean (Parkia biglobosa) Seed on Lipid Profile against Potassium Bromate-induced Cardiotoxicity

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease cases are on the increase despite many standard medical practices. Some disorders have been successfully treated by medicinal plants. Aim: The current study was designed to assess the chemotherapeutic propensity of Parkia biglobosa against potassium bromate-induced cardiotoxicity. Methodology: Using a soxhlet extractor with ethanol as the solvent, P. biglobosa was extracted. Twenty-four mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A, B, C, and D after being acclimated in the lab. Oral distilled water was administered to Group A. Although groups C and D likewise received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of P. biglobosa, respectively, the animals in groups B, C, and D received 100 mg/kg body weight of potassium bromate (KBrO3). Rats received daily doses of freshly prepared potassium bromate and P. biglobosa extract by oral gavage. After receiving the therapy for 28 days, the animals were slaughtered 24 hours after the last treatment ended while being lightly sedated with diethyl ether. Through a heart puncture, blood was taken. Additionally, the animals' hearts were removed and homogenized. Standard techniques were used to measure the lipid profile parameters. Results: When compared to the untreated group, the plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, and the CHD risk ratio were significantly higher in the study's animals treated with KBrO3, while HDL and the HDL/LDL ratio were significantly lower. Compared to the control group, administration of KBrO3 significantly decreased cardiac levels of total cholesterol, HDL and HDL/LDL ratio, while increasing levels of triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL, as well as the coronary heart disease (CHD) risk ratio. P. biglobosa attenuated these perturbations in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: Potassium bromate caused increase in the levels of triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and a reduction in HDL and HDL/LDL ratio and this effect was found to be attenuated by intake of P. biglobosa. This effect will result in the reduction of CHD risk factors induced by potassium bromate.