Finite Element Modeling of the Mechanical Behavior of Diagonally Stressed Masonry Reinforced with Welded Mesh

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mechanical behavior of reinforced masonry constructed with concrete blocks from two regions of Mexico (Veracruz and Querétaro) and to develop a calibrated numerical model capable of reproducing its structural response under shear loading. Experimental testing included compressive strength of individual units and prisms, as well as diagonal tension tests on masonry walls with and without steel reinforcement. Experimental data were used to develop a computational model based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), complemented with the damage–plasticity microplane theory. Model calibration incorporated critical parameters such as elastic modulus, uniaxial, biaxial and triaxial compressive strengths, and Poisson’s ratio. Comparison between experimental and numerical results demonstrated satisfactory agreement, validating the predictive capacity of the proposed model. Findings highlight that the inclusion of steel reinforcement in masonry walls significantly improves shear resistance and ductility, thereby enhancing structural resilience. These outcomes contribute valuable insights for strengthening local construction standards and provide practical guidance for building and rehabilitation projects in seismic-prone areas. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating experimental testing with advanced modeling tools to achieve more reliable structural assessments. Overall, the results demonstrate that properly characterized and modeled reinforced masonry constitutes a viable alternative for the development of safe and sustainable housing solutions. The knowledge generated serves as a reference framework for engineers and designers to support decision-making processes guided by safety, cost-efficiency, and durability criteria.