Assessment of Genetic Variability and Character Associations in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Yield Related Traits

Abstract

Aims: To investigate yield and yield related characteristics for variability and association studies in fifty-two powdery mildew differentials of sunflower. Study Design:  Augmented block design. Place and Duration of Study: Main agricultural Research station, University of Agricultural Science, Raichur, Karnataka between November 2022 and February 2023. Methodology: Study included 52 powdery mildew differentials of sunflower studied factors such as genetic variability, heritability, and genetic advance in characters such as head diameter, seed filling percent, test weight, number of seeds per head, volume weight, oil content and seed yield. Correlation and path analysis was also done. Results: Findings revealed significant differences among the traits, especially in seed yield per plant, head diameter, seed filling percent, test weight, and number of seeds per head which conclude that there is variability present in the studied character and there is scope for crop improvement. Correlation coefficients showed positive connections between seed yield per plant and traits like head diameter, test weight, seed filling percentage, and number of seeds per head. However, volume weight had a negative correlation. Path coefficient analysis helped us understand the direct and indirect impacts of these traits on seed yield per plant. Head diameter, seed filling percentage, test weight, and number of seeds per head had positive direct effects on seed yield per plant. In contrast, volume weight had a negative direct effect. Conclusion: The study contributes to the understanding of the genetic architecture of sunflower traits related to yield and provides a foundation for developing targeted breeding strategies. These insights can guide sunflower breeding programs in selecting traits for improved yield.