Factors Associated with Intention to Use Modern Family Planning Methods among Male Adults in a Highly Urbanized Community

Abstract

Introduction: Limited male involvement and understanding of modern family planning (MFP) significantly affect reproductive health outcomes and decision-making within families. Historically, contraceptive responsibility has been imbalanced, yet progress toward shared responsibility is supported by the development of diverse male methods like condoms and vasectomy. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the intention to use MFP methods among male adults by assessing their levels of attitude and perception toward these methods. Methods: A quantitative descriptive-correlational research design was employed. The study was conducted in Brgy. South Baluarte, Molo, Iloilo City, an area with a low Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR). Data were collected from 100 male adults (aged 18 and above) selected through convenience sampling using a validated 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. Spearman’s rho was utilized to determine the relationships between attitude, perception, and intention. Results: Most respondents were young adults aged 18–30 (42%), single (66%), and had no prior history of family planning use (74%). Male adults demonstrated generally positive attitudes and a high level of intention to use MFP (Overall Mean = 4.55, SD = 0.415). While perceptions were overall favorable (Mean = 4.30), misconceptions regarding vasectomy—specifically concerns about safety, masculinity, and sexual performance—remained, resulting in lower scores for those indicators compared to condom use. Discussion: A statistically significant relationship was found between attitude and intention (r = 0.45, p < .01), and between perception and intention (r = 0.31, p = .002). These findings suggest that as attitudes and perceptions become more positive, the intention to adopt MFP increases. Although the correlation for perception was weak, it indicates a measurable influence on behavioral intent, highlighting that improving understanding can directly strengthen the motivation to practice modern family planning. Recommendations: Nursing students and educators should integrate male-centered reproductive health into curricula and community programs to enhance counseling skills and correct common myths. Health professionals are encouraged to provide "male-friendly" services that specifically address fears regarding vasectomy. Furthermore, policymakers should support community-based initiatives to promote shared reproductive responsibility and reduce the social stigma associated with male contraceptive use.