Gender Responsive: Inequality Development in Islands Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Aims: Sustainable development goals do not focus on the economy alone, but also on gender equality. Since Indonesia implemented regional autonomy (1999), it is hoped that the development goals will be realized. However, the facts show that income and gender inequality still exists. The Province of Bali is also faced with this problem. Therefore, this study aims to determine trends and analyze the effect of development inequality as measured by Gini Ratio, Gross Regional Domestic Product at constant prices (GRDP-cp), on gender inequality as measured by the human development index (HDI) and development index gender (IPG). Study Design:  This Study used a quantitative descriptive method. Place and Duration of Study: Regional Province of Bali as the location of the study. The Province of Bali is one of 33 Provinces in Indonesia. The Province of Bali consists of small islands namely Bali Island, Nusa Penida Island and several others having an area of 5,632.82 square kilometers. Administratively, Bali Island consists of eight regencies, one city area. Methodology: This study aims to determine the trend of the gini ratio, GRDP-cp, human development index (HDI) and gender development index (GDI) and also analyze the relationships that influence each of these variables. The approach used in this research is quantitative with secondary data in the form of panel data obtained from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for period (2010 - 2017) are used in the analysis. This data is sourced from the annual reports of the Central Statistics Agency (BPS) of the regencies / cities and the Province of Bali. Several statistical models are applied in accordance with the objectives of the study, consisting of graphs, linear and nonlinear trend models and multiple linear regression estimation models. The method used to analyze gender responses: development inequality in Bali is panel data regression. Results: Gini ratio (GR) has a positive and significant effect at a significance level of 5 percent, towards the gender development index (GDI), GRDP-cp has a positive and significant effect at the 5 percent significance level, towards the growth of the gender development index (GDI), The human development index (HDI) has a positive and significant effect at the 5 percent significance level, on the gender development index (GDI). Conclusion: Human development that leads to gender equality at the Regency/Municipality level in the Province of Bali continues to progress until the end of 2017, and if the conditions of the regional economy are able to be maximally improved then the success of sustainable human development is not impossible to achieve and, However, until now the facts show that the results of development achieved at the Regency/Municipality level in Bali Province still have income and gender inequalities, although it has been attempted to be minimized by various policies carried out by the government. Some areas of development in this area that still need to be completed are income and gender inequalities in the fields of economics, and education.