Geospatial Analysis of Kurumanpuzha Sub Watershed in the Chaliyar River Basin: A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach for Geomorphological Assessment

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to determine geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed for understanding its hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics. Study Design: Morphometric analysis of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed was carried out using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) which is pivotal for sustainable resource management. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Kelappaji College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Tavanur, Malappuram, Kerala during 2020-2021. Methodology: The geomorphological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed were determined using GIS offering precise terrain insights to guide water resource planning, erosion control, infrastructure development and ecological conservation. Morphometric parameters were assessed based on linear, areal, and relief characteristics. USGS Earth Explorer platform was employed to download satellite images from multiple sources, including ISRO Resourcesat, Landsat, Sentinel, RADAR, and others. These images were then used to develop a Land Use Land Cover (LULC) map as well as other maps of the study area. Results: The sub-watershed had a dendritic drainage pattern with a mean bifurcation ratio of 2.05, indicating easier flood management due to longer durations of low peak flows. The analysis revealed fine drainage, indicating a prevalence of soft rocks prone to erosion. The watershed had high relief and steep slopes, characterized by hills, breaks, and low mountains. The hypsometric curve indicated an equilibrium stage of geomorphic evolution. Morphometric parameters were grouped into three clusters at the sub-watershed level, demonstrating spatial variability. Forest/dense vegetation were the dominant land use, followed by rubber plantations and scrubland. Conclusion: The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the hydrological behaviour, erosion susceptibility and geological characteristics of Kurumanpuzha sub-watershed. It is useful for effective watershed management, erosion control and informed decision-making in land use planning and engineering projects.