Variations in Nutritionally Significant Organic Components of Milk Depending on the Energy Status of Simmental Cows

Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study on the quality of milk from Simmental cows during the peripartal period, focusing on the analysis of key biochemical parameters (proteins, fats, lactose, and urea). Special emphasis was placed on evaluating the relationships among these components to identify potential dietary imbalances in cows, aiming to ensure high nutritional quality of milk intended for human consumption while simultaneously preventing metabolic disorders and reproductive problems in the animals. The study was conducted on 46 Simmental cows in the early lactation phase, where milk samples were analyzed for fat and protein content, as well as urea concentration. Urea analysis was performed using an enzymatic kinetic method. Fat and protein contents were determined using the Milkoscan device. The research demonstrated that the energy status of high-yielding dairy cows significantly affects their production outcomes, reproductive performance, and health condition. The analysis of biochemical milk parameters, such as urea, total proteins, and fats, proved to be an effective and practical method for assessing the nutritional and metabolic status of cows. This allows for early detection of metabolic disorders and timely implementation of preventive measures. Positive correlations found between fat, protein, and urea levels confirm the importance of a balanced diet in maintaining optimal milk quality. This approach provides an economical and straightforward diagnostic method suitable for farms of all sizes, contributing to more rational and efficient management of milk production.