Recurrent Carotid Body Tumor Treated with External Beam Radio Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

Abstract

Aims: Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare, non-chromaffin paragangliomas that typically require surgical resection. However, recurrent cases pose significant challenges. This report describes the successful management of a recurrent CBT with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), highlighting treatment decisions and clinical outcomes. Presentation of Case: A 39-year-old female presented with a recurrent swelling in the left neck three months after surgical excision of a carotid body tumor. Imaging confirmed tumor recurrence, with involvement of adjacent structures. Due to the high risk of cranial nerve injury, reoperation was deemed unsuitable, and the patient was referred for EBRT. She received 54 Gy in 27 fractions using Volumetric-Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Follow-up imaging after one year showed tumor size reduction with no progressive symptoms. Discussion: While surgery remains the primary treatment for CBTs, recurrent cases require alternative strategies. EBRT provides a non-invasive approach, offering local control while preserving critical neurovascular structures. Literature suggests that doses above 40 Gy significantly reduce recurrence rates. The successful application of EBRT in this case aligns with existing evidence, demonstrating its effectiveness in managing recurrent CBTs. Conclusion: EBRT is a viable treatment option for recurrent CBTs, particularly in patients unsuitable for re-excision. This case underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing patient outcomes.