The Concept of Cell Generation to Patient-Specific Therapy: A Review of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Applications

Abstract

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), are derived from the reprogramming of adult somatic cells and have become essential in biomedical research. Their pluripotency nature allows these cells to be converted into specific cell types for therapeutic applications. This article reviews previous research on iPSCs, detailing how they are derived, tested and utilized in medicine. The literature- based review was conducted using up- to- date, peer- reviewed articles and reports from sources such as PubMed, medicine journals and national library of medicine. Relevant Journals focusing on induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) generation and their applications were selected for the purpose of this review. The published researches were explored to decipher iPSCs developmental stages including cellular reprogramming, their applications in disease modelling, and therapeutic intervention. Recent studies have shown that iPSCs can support the regeneration and growth of previously damaged or dead cells and tissue. Beyond their role in cell regeneration therapy, iPSCs are also valuable for drug testing and understanding disease development pathways. Despite their potential, challenges related to cell reprogramming persist, particularly concerning the risk of tumourigenesis and genomic instability. Nevertheless, iPSCs hold great promise for therapeutic medicine, with nearly limitless applications. Ongoing research aims to enhance their viability and safety to address the complications involved in their synthesis and use. This review aims to explore the mechanism of iPSCs generation and its role in clinical settings.