Impact of Methamphetamine on Electrolytes, Lipid Profile, and Protein Metabolism: Insights into Biochemical Alterations and Toxicity Mechanisms

Abstract

Background: Methamphetamine (METH) is a strong stimulant of the central nervous system. It is well known for its recreational usage and significant potential for misuse. It is also implicated to cause physiologic changes on the gastrointestinal health. Research Objectives: The study investigates the chronic effect of METH on electrolytes, Lipids, and Proteins in Wistar rats. Methodology: using appropriate and standard method. Results and Discussion: Results obtained show that METH induced significant biochemical alterations in serum electrolytes. Indicated eluviations in sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), chloride (Cl⁻), and bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ions. Fecal electrolytes indicated increase in (Na⁺, Cl⁻, and K⁺). Conversely, the bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) ion level was reduced. The lipid profile result showed increased levels in total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) with reduction in high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) level in stomach, ileum and liver tissues showed significant increase. Serum protein showed reduction level, and Na+-K+-ATPase showed increased activity. Conclusions and Recommendations and Contribution to Knowledge: These findings shed light to the debilitating nature of methamphetamine on the gastrointestinal function, particularly to those individuals who indulge in illicit use of METH for a prolonged time.