Intestinal Parasitosis among Primary School Pupils in Coastal Areas of the Cape Coast Metropolis, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Intestinal parasitosis remains a major public health burden in developing countries such as Ghana. The burden of disease is heaviest among vulnerable populations and yet epidemiologic data from these populations are limited. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitosis among primary school pupils in coastal communities of the Cape Coast metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of primary schools in coastal areas of the Cape Coast metropolis in the Central Region of Ghana was undertaken. Stool samples were collected and examined using wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques. Data on socio-demography, environmental and hygiene behaviour was obtained through the administration of a structured questionnaire. Results: Out of the 230 samples examined, 44 (19.1%) were positive for a least one intestinal parasite. The most predominant parasite in this study was Giardia lamblia (6.5%). Hookworm was the most common (3.9%) intestinal helminth seen in this study. The prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Schistosoma mansoni and Strongyloides stercoralis were 3.0%, 2.2%, 1.7% and 1.7% respectively. Pit latrine toilet facility emerged as a risk factor for infection in this study. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis is high in basic schools in coastal communities in Cape Coast. The provision of better and hygienic toilet facilities may be a significant boost to control measures.