Postpartum Hemorrhage: Integrative Healthcare Services: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Background: Postpartum bleeding (PPB) and its clinical management (i.e., skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding) are the essential parameters in which healthcare services are mandatory to promote maternal and fetal well-being. Aim: The researcher aims to investigate the broader perspectives regarding immediate skin-to-skin initial contact between baby and mother. Besides, breastfeeding significance would encourage the development of clinical outcomes' well-being. Across various institutions and globally, several integrative practices are established to promote and preserve maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Hence, comprehensive literature aimed to probe the cause-and-effect relationship association. Methods: The literature search was adopted using appropriate keywords and followed a standard scientific data search system. The search included PubMed and Google Scholar databases. All publications associated with immediate newborn care and bonding with mothers were the highlights of this paper. Results: The results indicate that newborn close bonding through skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding are the cost-effective paradigm to prevent bleeding after delivery. It was also explored that the critical stages of the PPH are the transitional and fourth stages of labor.