Biological Impacts of Climate Change on Sea Turtles: A Review

Abstract

Climate change poses significant threats to sea turtle populations, affecting reproduction, migration, and survival. This review explores the impacts of rising global temperatures, greenhouse gas emissions, and oceanic disruptions on these species. Elevated sand temperatures result in female-biased sex ratios, jeopardizing genetic diversity and long-term population stability. Rising sea levels and extreme weather events further reduce available nesting sites, while altered ocean currents disrupt migratory routes and food availability, endangering species viability. To mitigate these effects, robust conservation strategies are essential, including nesting site protection, sand temperature regulation, and bycatch reduction. Policies aimed at habitat preservation and carbon emission reduction are also critical for enhancing species resilience. Future research should prioritize adaptive strategies to ensure population sustainability in the face of ongoing climate change. This review emphasizes the urgency of integrated conservation efforts to safeguard these ecologically vital marine reptiles.