Knowledge and Attitudes toward Early Initiation of Breastfeeding among Postpartum Mothers in a Tertiary Hospital in Tamale, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Early breastfeeding initiation is a WHO recommendation aimed at improving neonatal health outcomes. The study was conducted to explore the knowledge and attitudes of early initiation of breastfeeding among puerperal mothers in a Tertiary Hospital in Tamale. Methods: The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with a qualitative approach conducted within the hospital. The employed method was a systematic random sampling procedure. A total of 15 puerperal mothers were purposively selected from the labour and maternity wards of Tamale Teaching Hospital. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured guide, and the data collected were analyzed through thematic analysis. Results: The study found that 70% of mothers generally understand early initiation of breastfeeding (EIB) as beginning breastfeeding immediately after childbirth, aligning with international guidelines. Their knowledge about the importance of feeding colostrum within the first hour after birth exceeds findings in some developing countries, indicating a high level of awareness. They also showed positive attitudes toward early initiation of breastfeeding to foster an emotional bond with their babies and to provide nourishment to satisfy hunger. Conclusion: Puerperal mothers displayed varying levels of understanding of what EIB entails. While some correctly associate EIB with starting breastfeeding immediately after birth, others have a less precise understanding. Mothers are willing to initiate breastfeeding early after giving birth, but some still have uncertainty about colostrum. There is compelling evidence that treatments like group prenatal care in Ghana can enhance exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and behaviours, including attitudes towards early initiation. Immediate breastfeeding assistance, skin-to-skin contact, and other Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative procedures should be instituted at all birthing centres. This will facilitate both the consolidation of knowledge and the efficacy of early start. Community health systems can enhance post-discharge assistance for mothers and strengthen early initiation messages.