A Retrospective Study of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) among Women Screened at Madonna Hospital Umuahia from 2020 TO 2024

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a widespread endocrine disease that affects females of reproductive age, causing considerable reproductive and metabolic complications. Although the syndrome affects women to a great extent, there is paucity of data concerning the prevalence of the disease locally in southeast Nigeria. Methods: This study employed a retrospective approach, analyzing the medical records of 287 females who were assessed for PCOS in Madonna Hospital, Umuahia, from 2020 to 2024. Information was gathered utilizing a standardized form, while statistical analysis was performed. Results: Out of 287 patients evaluated, PCOS was observed in 250 (87.1%), with cases rising during the study period and reaching their peak in 2023. The most prevalent symptoms included irregular menstruation (73.7%), ovarian cysts (63.2%), and abdominal pains (50.9%). There were no significant connections between PCOS and socio-demographic/clinical factors. Conclusion: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is a reproductive and metabolic disorder that poses a significant health challenge among female patients undergoing screening in Madonna Hospital, Umuahia. The prevalence of PCOS indicates that screening, diagnosis, and management strategies should be strengthened in order to enhance reproductive health and prevent complications arising from PCOS.