Evaluation of Secondary Metabolites and Functional Groups in Derris elliptica (Wall) Benth Against Cockroach

Abstract

This study evaluated the pesticidal potential of Derris elliptica (Tubli) through phytochemical screening and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis, focusing on its secondary metabolites and functional groups. Leaf and root extracts were tested against cockroaches to assess insecticidal efficacy at varying concentrations (50% and 100%). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids, and tannins in the leaves, while the roots also contained alkaloids and saponins—compounds with known insecticidal properties. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aliphatic chains in both leaf and root samples. Bioassays demonstrated 93.3% cockroach mortality with 100% root extract, compared to 0% mortality from leaf extract. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) showed significant differences between treatment groups, with root extract at full concentration exhibiting comparable efficacy to commercial pesticides. These findings suggest that the root of Derris elliptica—rich in alkaloids such as rotenone—holds promise as a natural, eco-friendly pesticide. The researcher recommends to the future researcher to conduct a study on the other plant species under Family of Fabaceae or Faboideae as potential insect pesticide.