Perinatal Outcomes and Determinants among Hypertensive Pregnant Women in Hyderabad: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remain a global leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity. In India, hospital-based studies show variations in incidence between 5% and 15%. This study sought to determine specific fetal outcomes and identify modifiable risk factors in the Hyderabad region. Objective: The present study determines perinatal outcomes and identify associated risk factors among hypertensive pregnant women in Hyderabad. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among 1350 hypertensive postnatal mothers selected through purposive sampling from Modern Government Maternity Hospital, Hyderabad and Gandhi Hospital, Secunderabad. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview schedule and case record review. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: Among the 1350 hypertensive pregnant women studied, 590 (43.7%) experienced adverse perinatal outcomes. Analysis further revealed that adverse outcomes rarely occurred in isolation; instead, most neonates presented with multiple overlapping complications, indicating cumulative fetal compromise associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy.  Significant associated risk factors included lack of prior knowledge regarding hypertension, previous history of hypertension, bad obstetric history, family history of hypertension, irregular antenatal follow-up, excessive salt intake, consumption of processed foods, lack of exercise, and high stress levels. Conclusion: Effective antenatal care, lifestyle modification, and improved awareness can significantly reduce adverse perinatal outcomes among hypertensive pregnant women.