Mental Health Literacy about Schizophrenia among Secondary School Students in Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: There is a huge treatment gap for schizophrenia in low and middle income countries. Mental health literacy is a pre-requisite for prompt and appropriate help-seeking for schizophrenia. The current study assessed mental health literacy about schizophrenia in a sample of secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design and Method: A cross-sectional study design was used. Secondary school students (n=156) attending a public co-educational secondary school in Lagos, south-West Nigeria completed a vignette-based questionnaire which assessed literacy about schizophrenia.    Results: None of the respondents accurately identified schizophrenia in the case vignette. However, 25.6% identified the vignette as a mental disorder, while 3.9%, 2.6% and 0.6% labelled it as emotional problem, depression and mania respectively. Stigmatising labels such as ‘insane’ /’mad’/’brain touch’ were used by 14.1% of the respondents. About a fifth (21.2%) perceived the vignette as a reaction to stress or negative emotional state. Other responses included drug addiction (3.2%), evil spirit possession (5.8%), cultism (3.9%), HIV-AIDS (3.9%) and guilt (5.1%). Less than a quarter (23.7%) of the respondents recommended psychiatrists/mental health services as the appropriate source of help-seeking.  Conclusion: The huge knowledge deficits about schizophrenia in this limited sample suggest a significantly unmet need for mental health literacy interventions among adolescents in Nigeria. This may negatively impact on appropriate help-seeking and outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia. Further larger scale studies are needed to confirm and extend our findings.