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Research Article Open access CC BY 4.0

Methotrexate Toxicity: Molecular Mechanisms and Management

Riyadh S. Almalki, Hala Eweis, Fatemah Kamel, Dina kutbi

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International · pp. 204–217 · Published 12 Nov 2021

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i49B33357

Abstract

Methotrexate (MTX) is the most widely used drug in cancer chemotherapy and is considered to be the first-line drug for the treatment of a number of rheumatic and non-rheumatic disorders. The pulmonary toxicity, hepatotoxicity of MTX are two of its major side effects. Other toxicities such as endocrinological toxicity, GI toxicity, cutaneous toxicity, hematological toxicity, fatal malfunction or loss, and malignancy can also occur, but at a significantly lower rate of prevalence. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of methotrexate toxic effects and Lastly, we discussed the management of this toxicity.

Methotrexate Methotrexate toxicity Rheumatoid Arthritis Organ toxicity Mechanism of methotrexate toxicity Management of methotrexate-induced toxicity hepatotoxicity pulmonary toxicity

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