Isolation and Identification of Dermatophytes from Animals in the Malwa Region of Punjab: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

Aim and Scope: In recent decades, there has been an increase in the incidence of dermatophytosis among humans, especially those who are in close contact with animals. It is caused by one of the dermatophyte groups causing superficial mycoses in both humans and animals. Trichophyton and Microsporum spp are the most common genera responsible for skin infection in animals. Despite reports of dermatophytes from various regions, there is increasing evidence of geographical variation in fungal species, their spread to new areas, and growing resistance to antifungal treatments. The ability of these infections to transmit from animals to humans underscores the need for vigilance and proactive management. Addressing this issue can help protect animal and human health, making early detection and treatment vital in preventing outbreaks and ensuring overall well-being. Hence, we conducted a preliminary study on the incidence of dermatophytosis in animals of the Malwa region with a hot-humid climatic condition and a large animal population. Study Design: Purposive sampling was done and samples were subjected to isolation and identification of dermatophytes. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the Malwa region of Punjab state, India from July 2021 to June 2023. Methodology: Samples (n=51) from various animal species were examined for fungal infection by direct microscopy (10% KOH). Fungal isolates were cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar (SDA) and Dermatophyte test medium. Microscopic and macroscopic identification of dermatophytes was performed. Results: Of the 51 clinically suspected dermatophytosis cases, 27 (52%) were found positive by KOH preparations. Trichophyton spp were isolated from 11(40%) samples demonstrating their significant presence among animals. The results of the present study highlight the incidence of dermatophyte infections in animals within the Malwa region, offering valuable insights into the prevention and control of dermatophytosis in both animals and humans. This information is a critical reference for public health strategies and underscores the importance of effective monitoring and managing dermatophytosis in animals and humans.