Occurrence of Swine Cysticercosis in the Braj Region of Uttar Pradesh, India

Abstract

Background: Taenia solium cysticercosis is an important zoonotic infection of One Health concern. Pigs serve as intermediate hosts carrying cysticerci, while humans act as definitive hosts, perpetuating transmission through taeniasis. Accidental ingestion of parasite eggs can result in neurocysticercosis, a severe human disease. Aim: This study aimed to screen the occurrence of cysticerci in pork because of its public health significance. Materials and Methods: From February to November 2025, 100 pig serum samples were collected from farms, butcher shops, and households in the study districts. The samples were screened using an antigen-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA). Household surveys and direct observations were conducted to assess risk factors, including farming system, flooring, hygiene, feeding practices, and water sources. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate associations. Results: The overall prevalence was 8%, with Mathura showing the highest positivity (10%), followed by Hathras (4.55%) and Etah (0%). Sex-wise prevalence was 9.52% in males and 5.41% in females. Conclusion: In India, the persistence of free-roaming pig rearing, poor sanitation, and unsafe water supplies sustains endemicity. The Braj Region of Uttar Pradesh (Mathura, Hathras, and Etah) illustrates these risk conditions, where traditional husbandry and variable hygiene may elevate exposure.