In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Ethanolic Extracts of Coriandrum sativum Seeds against Some Selected Urinary Tract Infection Causing Pathogens

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection (contagion) known to affect the different parts of the urinary tract and the occurrence is found in both males and females. The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra. Despite the fact, that both the genders are susceptible to the infection, UTI is more profound in women due to their anatomy and reproductive physiology. The infection is usually caused as a consequence of bacterial invasion of the urinary tract including the lower and the upper part of the urinary tract. The infection is named after the part that gets infected and is referred to as cystitis (bladder infection) and phylonephritis. This study investigated the in vitro activities of the ethanolic seed extract of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) against selected urinary tract infection (UTI) organisms. The quality and quantity of the secondary metabolites present in Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) seed extract, antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity of the extract was assessed using standard methods. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids. The antioxidant potential was evaluated using DPPH, FRAP, and TBARS assays, showing significant dose-dependent antioxidant activity, though lower than the standard ascorbic acid. The extract demonstrated moderate antimicrobial activity against Eschericia coli and Klebsiella pneumniae, with inhibition zones observed at higher concentrations (50 mg/mL for E. coli and 25 mg/mL for K. pneumniae), though it required a higher concentration for bactericidal effects. These results suggest that coriander seed extract holds promise as an antioxidant agent but exhibits limited antimicrobial efficacy.