Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Review
A. A. Adedapo, O. O. Asunloye, B. O. Adeoye
International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review · pp. 1–19 · Published 10 Apr 2018
10.9734/IJBCRR/2018/40221Abstract
Peroxisomes are subcellular organelles found in most plant and animal cells that perform diverse metabolic functions including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-based respiration, β-oxidation of fatty acids (FAs), and cholesterol metabolism. Peroxisomes are found in most eukaryotic cells, and their essential role has been emphasized by the discoveries of several human disorders caused by the lack of peroxisomes. Peroxisomes are unique for their ability to proliferate in response to several structurally different chemicals, which are designated "peroxisome proliferators (PPs)," in rodent liver cells. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) proteins belong to the superfamily of a phylogenetically related protein termed nuclear hormone factor. Activation of PPAR-α reduces triglyceride level and is involved in regulation of energy homeostasis. Activation of PPAR-γ causes insulin sensitization and enhances glucose metabolism, whereas activation of PPAR-β/δ enhances fatty acids metabolism. Thus, PPAR family of nuclear receptors plays a major regulatory role in energy homeostasis and metabolic function. Since intervention of PPAR agonist can provide therapeutic targets for a range of diseases such as dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, inflammation, a neurodegenerative disorder, and cancer, this review was carried out to update existing knowledge on these nuclear receptors.
References (66)
- 1 An Antidiabetic Thiazolidinedione Is a High Affinity Ligand for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ (PPARγ) [DOI]
- 2 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-Prostaglandin J2 is a ligand for the adipocyte determination factor PPARγ [DOI]
- 3 Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat [DOI]
- 4 A prostaglandin J2 metabolite binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and promotes adipocyte differentiation [DOI]
- 5 The PPARs: From Orphan Receptors to Drug Discovery [DOI]
- 6 Convergence of 9-cis retinoic acid and peroxisome proliferator signalling pathways through heterodimer formation of their receptors [DOI]
- 7 A SUMOylation-dependent pathway mediates transrepression of inflammatory response genes by PPAR-γ [DOI]
- 8 PPARalpha and PPARgamma activators direct a distinct tissue‐specific transcriptional response via a PPRE in the lipoprotein lipase gene. [DOI]
- 9 Neurodegeneration, myocardial injury, and perinatal death in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. [DOI]
- 10 Cross-Regulation of C/EBPα and PPARγ Controls the Transcriptional Pathway of Adipogenesis and Insulin Sensitivity [DOI]
- 11 Differentiation and reversal of malignant changes in colon cancer through PPARγ [DOI]
- 12 Sorting out the roles of PPAR in energy metabolism and vascular homeostasis [DOI]
- 13 The Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors [DOI]
- 14 PPARs: therapeutic targets for metabolic disease [DOI]
- 15 PPAR : a dagger in the heart of the metabolic syndrome [DOI]
- 16 Sensitization of diabetic and obese mice to insulin by retinoid X receptor agonists [DOI]
- 17 Immunolocalization of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and retinoid x receptors in the adult rat CNS [DOI]
- 18 Role of Oxidative Stress in Myocardial Hypertrophy and Failure [DOI]
- 19 Regulation of PPARγ activity during adipogenesis [DOI]
- 20 Pioglitazone Ameliorates Insulin Resistance and Diabetes by Both Adiponectin-dependent and -independent Pathways [DOI]
- 21 PPARs in the brain [DOI]
- 22 Rapid Broad-Spectrum Analgesia through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α [DOI]
- 23 Increased Lipid Oxidation Causes Oxidative Stress, Increased Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-γ Expression, and Diminished Pro-osteogenic Wnt Signaling in the Skeleton [DOI]
- 24 Oxidized Alkyl Phospholipids Are Specific, High Affinity Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ Ligands and Agonists [DOI]
- 25 Effects of bezafibrate, PPAR pan-agonist, and GW501516, PPARδ agonist, on development of steatohepatitis in mice fed a methionine- and choline-deficient diet [DOI]
- 26 PPARα-Sirt1 Complex Mediates Cardiac Hypertrophy and Failure through Suppression of the ERR Transcriptional Pathway [DOI]
- 27 ROS-activated p38 MAPK/ERK-Akt cascade plays a central role in palmitic acid-stimulated hepatocyte proliferation [DOI]
- 28 Acute Intracerebroventricular Administration of Palmitoylethanolamide, an Endogenous Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α Agonist, Modulates Carrageenan-Induced Paw Edema in Mice [DOI]
- 29 Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors regulate redox signaling in the cardiovascular system [DOI]
- 30 PPAR‐γ Activator Pioglitazone Prevents Age‐Related Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility by Improving Antioxidant Capacity and Reducing Apoptosis in a Rat Model [DOI]
- 31 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ, a possible nexus of PPARα- and PPARγ-dependent molecular pathways in neurodegenerative diseases: Review and novel hypotheses [DOI]
- 32 p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α [DOI]
- 33 PPAR: a mediator of peroxisome proliferator action [DOI]
- 34 Redox regulation by thioredoxin superfamily; protection against oxidative stress and aging [DOI]
- 35 Mitochondria in cybrids containing mtDNA from persons with mitochondriopathies [DOI]
- 36 Nuclear Factor-κB Activation Leads to Down-regulation of Fatty Acid Oxidation during Cardiac Hypertrophy [DOI]
- 37 Expression and Localization of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Nuclear Factor κB in Normal and Lesional Psoriatic Skin [DOI]
- 38 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ Is an Essential Transcriptional Regulator for Mitochondrial Protection and Biogenesis in Adult Heart [DOI]
- 39 Antinociceptive and antiedematogenic activities of fenofibrate, an agonist of PPAR alpha, and pioglitazone, an agonist of PPAR gamma [DOI]
- 40 CARDIOMYOCYTIC APOPTOSIS FOLLOWING GLOBAL CARDIAC ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION CAN BE ATTENUATED BY PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR α BUT NOT γ ACTIVATORS [DOI]
- 41 PPARδ Coordinates Angiotensin II-induced Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells through PTEN-mediated Inhibition of Superoxide Generation [DOI]
- 42 Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor δ Is Up-regulated during Vascular Lesion Formation and Promotes Post-confluent Cell Proliferation in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells [DOI]
- 43 PPARβ/δ potentiates PPARγ‐stimulated adipocyte differentiation [DOI]
- 44 Pioglitazone Attenuates Tactile Allodynia and Thermal Hyperalgesia in Mice Subjected to Peripheral Nerve Injury [DOI]
- 45 PPAR Ligands: Are They Potential Agents for Cardiovascular Disorders? [DOI]
- 46 Ligand Specificity of Nuclear Hormone Receptors: Sifting through Promiscuity [DOI]
- 47 New troglitazone derivatives devoid of PPARγ agonist activity display an increased antiproliferative effect in both hormone-dependent and hormone-independent breast cancer cell lines [DOI]
- 48 Thioredoxin-1 and Its Natural Inhibitor, Vitamin D3 Up-Regulated Protein 1, Are Differentially Regulated by PPARα in Human Macrophages [DOI]
- 49 Selective PPAR Agonists for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes [DOI]
- 50 PPAR Research: Successful Launching and Promising Future [DOI]
- 51 How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species [DOI]
- 52 Ligand binding and co-activator assembly of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ [DOI]
- 53 PPARs and the complex journey to obesity [DOI]
- 54 A selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ agonist promotes reverse cholesterol transport [DOI]
- 55 The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: A family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases [DOI]
- 56 Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pathophysiology of NADPH Oxidases in the Cardiovascular System [DOI]
- 57 Involvement of PPAR nuclear receptors in tissue injury and wound repair [DOI]
- 58 Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Mediates the Antioxidant Effect of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells [DOI]
- 59 Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Ligands Reduce Neuronal Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Cell DeathIn Vivo [DOI]
- 60 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ activates fatty acid oxidation in cultured neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes [DOI]
- 61 Intrathecal Rosiglitazone Acts at Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-γ to Rapidly Inhibit Neuropathic Pain in Rats [DOI]
- 62 The story so far: post-translational regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by ubiquitination and SUMOylation [DOI]
- 63 In Vivo Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-δ Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Zucker Fatty Rats [DOI]
- 64 Effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR)-γ and -α agonists on cochlear protection from oxidative stress [DOI]
- 65 Clofibrate PPARα Activation Reduces Oxidative Stress and Improves Ultrastructure and Ventricular Hemodynamics in No-flow Myocardial Ischemia [DOI]
- 66 Activation of PPARδ counteracts angiotensin II-induced ROS generation by inhibiting rac1 translocation in vascular smooth muscle cells [DOI]
Cited by 6
Sylwia Wójtowicz, Anna K. Strosznajder, Mieszko Jeżyna · Neurochemical Research · 2020
Amir Maleki, Masoumeh Hosseini · Journal of Sports Physiology and Athletic Conditioning · 2022
Dwiyati Pujimulyani, Wisnu Adi Yulianto, Astuti Setyowati · Journal of Experimental Pharmacology · 2020
Showing 3 of 6 known citations — external sources report more than can currently be individually listed.
Related research
- Metabolic Syndrome among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in South-South, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- Dietary Pattern and Prevalence of High Blood Pressure among Adult Traders in Port Harcourt, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- Impact of the Diet Profile and Alcohol Consumption on Cardiometabolic Risks in Dschang Health District-Cameroon — shares topic coverage
- Gender Specific Predictive Performance and Optimal Threshold of Anthropometric Indices for the Prediction of Hypertension among a Ghanaian Population in Kumasi — shares topic coverage
- Metabolic Syndrome and Kidney Damage: Prevalence and Assessment of Risk among Apparently Healthy Resident of Ado Ekiti, South West Nigeria — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
68
Page views
0
PDF downloads
33
Outbound clicks
6
Citations
Views over time
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.