Diversity and Distribution of Grass Species along the Altitudinal Gradients of Kumaun Himalaya

Abstract

The grasses are the most prevalent and extensively dispersed group of monocotyledon flowering plants. The current study aims to explore the taxonomic status, diversity, distribution, and ethnobotanical relevance of grasses across different altitudinal ranges of the Kumaun Himalaya. The field survey was carried out in three study sites: Kosi (1000-1400 m), Katarmal (1400-1800 m), and Syahi Devi in Shitlakhet (1800-2200 m). The study recorded 82 grass species, out of which the maximum 61 grasses species were recorded at middle altitude, Katarmal, followed by higher altitude at Syahi Devi (Shitlakhet) with 47 species. However, the minimum 27 species were recorded at lower altitude, Kosi. It was also observed that out of 82, the ethnobotanical uses, and socio-economic value mentioned in the literature was found only on 66 species of grasses. But remaining 16 species lack such information. These grasses are important source of fodder, medicine, and food, as well as for their ecological, socio-religious, and economic purposes in the region. The use value of 66 species ranged from 0.03 to 1.66 and the RFC ranged from 0.03 to 0.86, with C.  dactylon possesses the highest UV and RFC values. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis demonstrates a strong positive relationship of UV and RFC (0.979; p <0.001), displaying that species cited frequency had higher use value. Regression analysis further validate that RFC is a notable predictor of UV (R2 = 0.9586). The results reveal the significance of the grass diversity of the Kumaun Himalaya both ecologically and culturally, emphasizing the need for conservation and sustainable management practices to protect these vital plant resources.