Risk Factors of Body Mass Index and Hypertension on Preeclampsia during the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Preeclampsia, known as the "new onset of persistent hypertension," can increase the morbidity and mortality of mothers and fetus. The Indonesian Health Profile shows that the maternal mortality rate (MMR) due to preeclampsia in Indonesia reaches 25%. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 impacted the access to, and quality health services, including for maternal and neonatal. This study aim to determine the risk factors for preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This was a retrospective, observational case-controlled study, using medical records of woman on antenatal care from March 2020 – March 2022. Samples size was 128 participants (64 cases and 64 controls) using a simple random technique. Data analysis used the Chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the variables associated with the incidence of preeclampsia were maternal age (p=0.049), parity status (p=0.041), chronic hypertension (p=0.000), and BMI (p=0.003). Variables that were not related to the incidence of preeclampsia were previous history of preeclampsia (p=0.094), pregnancy interval (p=0.367), and family history of preeclampsia (p=0.154). The most dominant variable was chronic hypertension (OR 36.162; 95% CI 4.453-293.655). This study concludes that chronic hypertension, obesity, age at risk (<20 years or >35 years), and nullipara or primipara are risk factors for preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic.