Influence of Environmental and Climate Conditions on Productivity and Seed Quality of Faba Bean Cultivars

Abstract

Agriculture is often regarded as one of the most sectors vulnerable to claimate variability where’s environmental conditions considered one of the main determinates of agriculture productivity. This study utilized six different faba bean genotypes in field experiment in three locations (Nubaria, Giza and Mataana) Research Stations at ARC during 2022/2023 and 2023/2024 to examine how environmental and climate factors affect seed quality and productivity. Results showed significant differences between the genetic combinations under study as well as the locations in agricultural traits, crop components, nutritional composition, protein ratios, and phytochemical content of the bean varieties used in all study locations. Nubaria 1 and Atuna were superior in terms of seed weight/plant and 100-seed weight in the three locations, while T.W was distinguished by early maturity in addition to lower percentages of both tannins: 92.89 mg/100 g; phenols: 69.41 mg/100 g respectively in the Matana area (high temperature). Genotype ILB 1814 in Nubaria (low-temperature location) topped the list in terms of protein (27.09%), phenols (133.28 mg/100 g), and Giza 843 was higher in Total vicine (12.32 mg/g), in addition to high levels of magnesium and iron, while Matana location was higher levels of potassium, calcium and zinc, Protein digestibility was better in the matana, although the proportions of these components varied significantly between the different varieties. Darker-colored seeds and higher fat and carbohydrate content were found in the Mtaana location, while the Nubaria location exhibited better of color seeds. The ILB 1814 (Nubaria/Giza), Sakha 4, and Atuna (Giza) strains achieved 100% cookability and sensory scores >7, making them ideal choices for breeding and cultivation to improve nutritional quality, digestibility, and processing characteristics amidst climatic fluctuations.