Dispersion Pattern of Mounds of Macrotermes bellicosus (Isoptera: Termitidae) and Chemical Composition of Mound and Surrounding Soils in Some Areas of Zuru l. G. A., Kebbi State-Nigeria

Abstract

Termite mounds significantly modify soil properties and ecosystem processes, making them important contributors to soil fertility, vegetation patterns, and land productivity in tropical landscapes. This study was conducted to assess the mound dispersion of Macrotermes bellicosus, as well as the mineral composition and physical characteristics of termite mounds and their surrounding soils in selected locations within Zuru Local Government Area of Kebbi State. Six locations—Dabai, Rikoto, Rafin Zuru, Manga, Senchi, and Ushe—were selected for the study. Termite mounds were surveyed across different land types, specifically upland and fadama areas. In each land type, two plots measuring 100 × 20 m² were established, and the number of termite mounds was determined by direct counting. Results showed that mound dispersion of M. bellicosus varied significantly (P < 0.05) with land type. Mound density was significantly higher in shaded areas, with a mean value of 37.00, compared to sun-exposed areas with a mean value of 28.00. However, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed across the study locations. Land type had a significant influence (P < 0.05) on mound distribution in all locations. Various mound shapes were identified, including conical, irregular, spherical, and dome-shaped structures. Furthermore, the mineral element composition was significantly higher in termite mound soils than in the surrounding soils across the study area. These findings suggest that termite mounds are nutrient-rich and can enhance soil fertility, thereby promoting plant growth and improving crop yield.