A Comparative Study of Nurses’ Turnover Rate Working in Urban and Rural Areas

Abstract

Aim: This study examined differences in work-life balance, organizational commitment, and turnover intention among nurses working in urban and rural hospitals in Luzon, Philippines, and explored the relationships among these variables. Methodology: A comparative-descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. A total of 240 registered nurses (120 urban, 120 rural) were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using validated Likert-type instruments measuring work-life balance, organizational commitment, and turnover intention. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, and Pearson correlation analyses were conducted using SPSS at a 0.05 significance level. Results: Urban nurses reported significantly lower work-life balance and organizational commitment compared to rural nurses, and significantly higher turnover intention. Work-life balance and organizational commitment were both negatively correlated with turnover intention, while work-life balance demonstrated a positive association with organizational commitment. Conclusion: Workplace context significantly influences nurse retention dynamics. Urban settings appear to intensify strain-related turnover drivers, whereas rural settings present retention challenges linked to professional development limitations. Differentiated, context-sensitive retention strategies are essential to strengthen workforce sustainability in the Philippines.