Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge of Climate-Change Adaptation Strategies in Ng’hambi Ward, Mpwapwa, Tanzania

Abstract

Farmers' knowledge about climate change adaptive farming strategies influences their ability to adopt these practices. This study examined the determinants of smallholder farmers’ knowledge of climate change adaptation strategies in Ng’hambi, Mpwapwa District, Tanzania. Specifically, it addressed: (1) What is the level of farmers' knowledge about climate change adaptive farming strategies? and (2) What are the determinants of smallholder farmers’ knowledge of climate-change adaptation strategies in Ng’hambi Ward, Mpwapwa District? A cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected from 105 randomly selected farmers across four villages, Mbugani, Kazania, Ng’hambi, and Kiegea in Ng'hambi Ward using proportional random sampling. Semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions were used for data collection. Data were managed in Excel and analyzed in SPSS. Descriptive statistics summarized knowledge levels, while multiple regression analysis assessed determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Knowledge of Climate-Change Adaptation Strategies. Results showed that 52% of farmers had a medium level of knowledge. Significant predictors of a farmer's knowledge level included education level (P = 0.001), age (P = 0.031), sex (P = 0.001), and farming experience (P = 0.030). The findings highlight the importance of incorporating farmers' demographic backgrounds into the design and delivery of extension programs aimed at enhancing climate change resilience. Also, it recommends enhancing farmers' climate change knowledge through peer education, farmer groups, and adult learning; ensuring women's equal access to training and resources; and developing inclusive policies that address the needs of marginalized groups.