Factors Influencing Optimal Breastfeeding Practices among Lactating Mothers in Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda

Abstract

Optimal breastfeeding supports infant nutrition and maternal health, yet recommended practices remain inconsistently adopted. This study assessed the factors influencing optimal breastfeeding among lactating mothers in Makindye Division, Kampala, Uganda. A descriptive, cross-sectional, facility-based design was used, with a planned sample of 349 lactating mothers recruited through stratified and consecutive sampling from three health facilities. Data from 302 completed questionnaires were analysed using SPSS version 20 through descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses at a 95% confidence level. Only 65 of the 302 respondents (21.5%) practised optimal breastfeeding, whereas 237 (78.5%) did not. Age, religion, educational level, occupation and parity were significantly associated with optimal breastfeeding. Mothers with two to three births and those with four to five births were more likely to practise optimal breastfeeding than first-time mothers. Work-schedule comfort, family support, maternal knowledge, counselling, maternal health-clinic attendance, cultural and religious beliefs, peer-group influence and community breastfeeding advertisements were also associated with optimal breastfeeding practice. Mothers whose cultural beliefs or peer groups did not encourage breastfeeding for up to two years were less likely to practise optimal breastfeeding. Overall, optimal breastfeeding practice was low among the participating mothers. Strengthened education, counselling, family and community support, together with appropriate workplace arrangements, may improve adherence to recommended breastfeeding practices in Makindye Division.