Role of Quorum Sensing Molecules in Plant-microbe Interaction for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS) is a pivotal communication mechanism employed by microorganisms to regulate collective behaviours such as biofilm formation, virulence, and symbiosis through the production and perception of signalling molecules. In plant-associated microbial communities, QS plays a dual role, modulating both pathogenic and beneficial interactions. This review explores the multifaceted impact of QS molecules, especially N-acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), autoinducer-2 (AI-2), and autoinducing peptides (AIPs), on plant-microbe communication. The cross-kingdom interactions between plants and microbes mediated by QS are integral to nutrient cycling, stress tolerance, and immune responses. Plants have evolved mechanisms to recognise and respond to QS signals, potentially manipulating microbial behaviour to their advantage. The paper discusses the role of QS in enhancing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria, and the potential of quorum quenching to suppress phytopathogens. The application of QS principles in sustainable agriculture offers avenues for biofertilizer and biopesticide development. However, regulatory and ecological concerns remain, particularly regarding the use of genetically modified QS-based organisms. The integration of synthetic biology and omics technologies is expected to further advance the manipulation of QS systems for enhanced crop productivity, resilience, and reduced chemical dependency, making QS a cornerstone of future eco-friendly agricultural strategies.