Public Awareness and Attitudes toward Immunization against Disease Outbreaks in Isoko North and South Lgas, Delta State, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Vaccination remains one of the most cost-effective and efficient public health strategies, particularly in reducing childhood mortality from infectious diseases. The aim of this study therefore, is to assess the level of public awareness and attitudes towards immunization against disease outbreaks in Isoko North and South LGAs of Delta State. Methodology: The study was carried out in Isoko North and Isoko South LGAs, located in Delta State. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study involved 900 participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents, descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and cross tabulation analysis done. Results: Out of an initial sample size of 900, a total of 887 respondents successfully participated in the study, indicating a high response rate of 98.5%. The majority of participants were aged between 28–37 years (35.7%), followed by those aged 38–47 years (28.4%). Females accounted for a larger proportion of respondents (62.2%) compared to males (37.8%). In terms of awareness, 90.5% have heard about immunization programs in their community. The findings also showed general positive attitudes toward immunization but also reveal some concerns: 87.8% believe immunization is important for child health. Conclusion: In conclusion, study revealed high awareness and generally positive attitudes toward immunization among residents of Isoko North and South LGAs. However, vaccine hesitancy persists due to fears of side effects and strong religious or cultural influences.