Contribution of Molecular Methods to Reduce the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract

This review seeks to address the various approaches adopted to combat this phenomenon. With scientific facts, latter era has been proven that antibiotics have drastically transformed the way we treat infections nowadays due to several factors that strongly need to be carefully look into for preventive purposes. There are several vital tools for up-to-date medication; nonetheless, inappropriately, their misappropriation has led to the development of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Essentially, excessive prescription has broad-spectrum antibiotics, rather than a more precisely targeted antibiotic based on accurate diagnosis, coupled with patient non-adherence to prescribed dosage and duration, contributes to bacterial survival and subsequent resistance. Several research materials have indicated that bacteria in meat have revealed antibiotic-resistant presence including other food products. Conventional approaches such as prudent use of available antibiotics, one of the ways is avoidance complete suitable immunization, disinfected precautions awareness will greatly aid in the control of cross-transmission of resistant straining among persons; including appropriate screening for resistant strains and separation of carrier patients in order to avoid the spread of the infection. Additionally, updated scientific research and development of antibiotics exercises with accurate innovative mechanism of action were analysed. Furthermore, genomic techniques that have been used to address antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by tracking and analysing the genetic makeup of bacteria are also reviewed. These techniques have been used to identify the genetic mutations that cause AMR, track the spread of resistant strains, and develop new treatments.