Periodontal Status of Type II Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Individuals in Lagos, Nigeria: A Comparative Study

Abstract

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that exerts a general effect on the body including the oral cavity and it can influence how periodontal diseases are expressed. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess and compare the prevalence, periodontal status of 25 to 85year old diabetic and non-diabetic population in Lagos State. Methods: A cross sectional comparative study was conducted among >25 years old, 150 diabetic and 150 non-diabetic subjects in Lagos state. Relevant and required information regarding demographic characteristics and diabetic status was obtained. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and Loss of Attachment Index (LOA) were used to assess the periodontal status. Chi-Square test and T-test were used for statistical analysis and statistical significance set at p≤0.05. Results: There was a high significant association between diabetic status and periodontal status (p<0.001). Severity of periodontal disease (Community Periodontal Index codes 3 and ‘4’ and Loss of attachment codes ‘1, 2, 3’) was high among diabetics compared to non-diabetics (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of periodontal disease is high, and periodontal status is poor with increased severity in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. There is the need to educate diabetics on assessing preventive oral care regularly so as to improve their quality of life.