Sex-based Differences in Haematological Parameters Among Fuel Station Workers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Abstract

Petroleum stations, also known as filling stations or gas stations, primarily distribute diesel fuel and gasoline to motor vehicles while simultaneously releasing gases and vapours that contribute to various forms of environmental pollution. This study investigated sex-based variations in blood parameters among forecourt attendants in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. This research was structured as a comparative cross-sectional study utilising randomised sampling techniques. A total of 100 participants, including 50 fuel station workers and 50 non-fuel station workers as controls, were enrolled. Key parameters such as white blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration and biochemical markers were analysed to assess the impact of occupational exposure to petroleum vapours. The data collected in this study were expressed as Mean ± Standard Deviation and analysed using SPSS version 23. Results indicated that while most haematological parameters showed no significant gender differences, females exhibited notably lower haemoglobin (p= <0.0001) and packed cell volume (p= 0.001) compared to males, suggesting a higher vulnerability to the hematotoxic effects of fuel exposure. Additionally, significant deviations in absolute lymphocyte counts (p= 0.024) were observed, indicating potential immunological implications for female workers. The findings underscore the necessity for targeted health interventions and regular monitoring to mitigate health risks associated with prolonged exposure to petroleum products. It is crucial to implement preventive measures, including regular health screenings, nutritional support and improved workplace safety protocols. These interventions will be essential in safeguarding the health of fuel station workers and addressing the occupational health disparities identified in this study.