Studies on Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis for Yield and Yield Associated Traits in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes

Abstract

A randomized complete block design with three replications was used to plant twenty bread wheat genotypes inside Mosul B.R.D P.G. College in Deoria (U.P.). The rows were spaced three meters apart, with a split-plot system. The objective was to evaluate the relationship between grain yield and specific traits, including plant height, number of spikes, number of grains per spike, biological yield, 1000-grain weight and harvest index. Additionally, the study aimed to perform genotypic and phenotypic path coefficient analysis to identify key traits influencing grain yield.  According to the data, the biological yield, number of spikes and grain yield exhibited the highest means when row spacing was 2.5 cm. Comparing this row space to 2.5 and 0.25 m row spaces, respectively, the grain yield was 0.615% and 0.2373% greater. Grain yield was one of the several qualities certain genotypes substantially exceeded, placing them at the forefront of PBW-343, Black and K-1006 followed by the genotypes HD-3086, PBW-107, DBW14 and Raj-4120. The yield/unit area was found to have phenotypically significant positive correlations with the number of spikes per unit area and to have substantial positive genotypic and phenotypic correlations with plant height, biological yield, number of grains/spike, 1000 grain weight, and harvest index. Path coefficient analysis showed that the number of grains/spike and harvest index had greater direct effects on grain yield from genetic and phenotypic factors as well as indirect effects through some other traits, with biological factors being the most important. This information helps determine the reliability of these three traits as selection criteria for higher yield performance in breeding programs.