Farmers’ Knowledge and Cultivation of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Verdc.) in Three Communities of Bolgatanga Municipality, Upper East Region, Ghana

Abstract

A study was conducted in Kumbosco, Zuarungu and Yarigabisi in the Bolgatanga Municipality of the Upper East Region of Ghana. The research sought to examine the extent to which farmers’ knowledge, perception and management practices influenced the cultivation of cowpea. In the survey, both open-ended and close-ended questionnaires as well as interviews were administered. A total sample size of 60 was used for the study with 20 from each district. Data collected included sex distribution, number of acreages cultivated, household sizes, gender issues, utilization and constraints in production of the crop. Data gathered was analyzed using the Statistical package for Social Scientist (SPSS version 16.0). Frequencies, percentages, bar charts and par charts were used to analyze the various variables. The findings from the study showed that farmers in these three communities cultivated cowpea but intercropped with it millet. The research revealed again that cowpea was not cultivated by the people as a main crop (91.67%). From the study, males formed the majority (56.67%) of people involved in cultivation of cowpea. Active working age of people who engaged in cowpea production was between 30-39 years. Majority (56.67%) in these communities were Christians, even though cowpea is a traditional crop. Most of the farmers in the three communities used the local white variety (76.67%) for cultivation as compared to the improved varieties: Boufor, Asontem and Red Nkwanta varieties. Majority (68.33%) of the farmers in these communities who cultivated cowpea were married. The results revealed that smaller families (1-5, 38.33%) were more involved in cowpea production either for sale or consumption. It was revealed that the number of acres most farmers cultivated was one acre or less (63.6%) due to non-availability of land in these communities, but 6.06% cultivated 7acres of land. 88.33% of the farmers inherited the land. One of the basic aims of agricultural extension is about rural development through the introduction of appropriate interventions and strategies to farmers. Results from this research could be useful to the Ministry of Agriculture, the District Assemblies and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in their poverty reduction strategies. This study would, therefore, provide an important first step at improving the crop in Ghana, particularly the North, and also provide a foundation to enhance their potential use in future, contributing to food security.