Synergistic Impact of Compost Amended Biofertilizers in Enhancing Yield and Quality of Agaricus bisporus Mushroom

Abstract

Biofertilizers in button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation has emerged as an innovative and eco-friendly approach to enhance yield and quality. Biofertilizers, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, phosphorus-solubilizing microorganisms, and mycorrhizal fungi, have demonstrated significant potential in improving mycelial growth, fruiting body formation, and nutrient uptake. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria (e.g., Azotobacter, Azospirillum) and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (e.g., Bacillus, Pseudomonas) play vital roles in providing essential nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus to support mycelial growth and fruiting body formation. These microbial inoculants not only augment nutrient availability but also stimulate enzyme activity, leading to faster substrate colonization and healthier fruiting bodies. In comparison to chemical fertilizers, biofertilizers promote a more sustainable cultivation practice by enhancing soil health, minimizing chemical input, and reducing environmental impact. Studies have shown that applying biofertilizers can result in higher mushroom yields, improved nutritional profiles, and better resilience to environmental stress. Specifically, nitrogen-fixing bacteria help in assimilating atmospheric nitrogen, making it available to the growing mushrooms, while phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria increase the availability of phosphorus, which is essential for energy transfer and mycelial growth. Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with mushroom mycelium, facilitating better nutrient absorption from the substrate. The combined effects of these biofertilizers ensure optimal conditions for both growth and quality enhancement. Moreover, biofertilizers contribute to the reduction of heavy metal accumulation in mushrooms, thereby ensuring safer and healthier produce for consumers. In addition to their nutritional benefits, biofertilizers also play a role in improving the physical structure of the growing medium, making it more conducive for mushroom cultivation. Biofertilizers promote enzymes such as cellulases and ligninases, which break down complex organic materials, accelerating substrate colonization and improving mushroom health. However, challenges remain in optimizing the use of biofertilizers, as their effectiveness can be influenced by various factors such as the type of substrate, environmental conditions, and the specific microbial strains used. Variability in performance and limited shelf life of some biofertilizers also pose challenges in their widespread adoption. Nonetheless, with ongoing research and technological advancements, biofertilizers are increasingly becoming a sustainable and cost-effective solution for mushroom farmers. By reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers, they not only support better yields and quality but also contribute to a more environmentally sustainable approach to agriculture.