Phytochemical Analysis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Clitoria ternatea Blue and White Flowered Leaves

Abstract

The present study was conducted to screen the phytochemical constituents, identifying the compounds present by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometric analysis (GC-MS), functional groups present by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FT- IR) in the ethyl acetate extract of white-flowered leaf Clitoria ternatea, explicit the antibacterial activity, antioxidant assay of using methanol and ethyl acetate extract of Clitoria ternatea blue and white flowered leaves. Clitoria ternatea blue flowered leaves possess 7.5% of total ash whereas white flowered leaves possess 8.5%. The phytochemical analysis revealed that blue flowered leaves contain alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, coumarins, catechol, quinines, gum and mucilage while, in white flowered leaves had alkaloids, glycosides, catechol, gum and mucilage were present. A total of 8 compounds such as 1- Decanol, 2- ethyl, 1- Eicosanol, Sulphurous acid octadecyl 2- propyl ester, Eicosanoic acid, L- (+)- ascorbic acid 2,6- dihexadecanoate, Sulphurous acid, pentadecyl 2-propyl ester, Oleic acid, 1-Hexyl-2 nitrocyclohexane were detected in the ethyl acetate extract of white-flowered leaves of C. ternatea using GC-MS. FT-IR analysis of the same had  characteristic bands at 2983.88 cmˉ1. indicating the presence of C-H stretching.  The ethyl acetate extract of white-flowered leaves C. ternatea had antibacterial and antifungal activity against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. kruzi. The total phenolic content of methanolic extract of C. ternatea blue flowered leaf was 25 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent/ g Dry Weight (mg GAE / g DW), and white flowered leaf was 18 mg GAE / g DW. The total flavonoid content of methanolic extract of C. ternatea blue flowered leaf was 10 mg Quercetin Equivalent/g  Dry Weight (mg QE / g DW), and white flowered leaf was 5 mg QE/g DW. Maximum scavenging activity of 86.6% was observed in the blue flowered leaf ethyl acetate extract (DPPH assay). Maximum scavenging activity of 82% (H2O2 assay) and 95% (total antioxidant) was observed in the white flowered leaf ethyl acetate extract.