The Cultivation of Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in India: Insights into Origin, Distribution, and Germplasm Availability for Effective Farming Practices

Abstract

German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), often referred to as the "star of medicinal plants," is a highly regarded member of the Asteraceae family. Renowned for its extensive use in folk and traditional medicine, chamomile offers diverse therapeutic, cosmetic, and nutritional benefits, supported by both traditional knowledge and scientific research. Its demand is steadily growing in domestic and international markets, though the plant is often adulterated or substituted with closely related species. The blue oil extracted from dry capitula holds significant value in international trade. Initially introduced as a crop in India, chamomile is predominantly cultivated in Jammu and Kashmir, Uttar Pradesh and Assam. This is 4-6-month crop is mainly propagated by seeds, either through transplanting or direct sowing. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review of chamomile, covering its origin and distribution, germplasm availability, cultivation practices, and post-harvest techniques. By doing so, it seeks to promote the expansion of chamomile cultivation in the South Indian region and enhance its effective and safe utilization as a "potential medicinal herb," raising awareness of the benefits of plant-based medicine.