The Physiognomy of Flooding and Flood Disasters in Nigeria: Stakeholders’ Perception of Flooding Events of Ogbaru in Anambra State

Abstract

Aim: This study evaluates and establishes the nature and characteristics of flooding and flood disaster in Ogbaru. Study Design: It was a survey research, where questionnaires were distributed to heads of the selected households and building practitioners in the study area. Likewise, physical observations were carried out to substantiate the findings of the questionnaire survey. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was conducted in Ogbaru Local Government Area, Anambra State, Nigeria for a period of 2 years. Methodology: Data were collected through structured questionnaire administered to the selected building construction practitioners and occupants in Ogbaru. In addition, interviews and direct observation survey were conducted to substantiate the validity of the questionnaire. Accordingly, a total of three hundred and eighty-four (384) questionnaires were distributed and a total of two hundred and ninety-three (293) questionnaires were completed and returned. This corresponds to a response rate of 76.3%.  Data collected were analyzed using mean score, standard deviation and t-test. Results: The survey found that flooding is a regular phenomenon for the last five years in Ogbaru with a depth ranging from medium to shallow and not more than 1.8 m deep. The velocity of flow is either laminar or moderate but not up to 3m/s in nature while the intensity of flow & destruction significantly varies across the local government area. The flood disaster lasts for more than a month in most areas and moves with floating debris lowering the ground surface and removing refilled earth of the foundation of buildings. Over 90% of the residents of Ogbaru had experienced flood hazards which have affected their houses and those of their neighborhood. Conclusion: The study concluded by recommending that the nature and characteristics of flooding in the study area should be thoroughly examined and considered before any construction/ mitigation action will be deployed in Ogbaru.