Bench Scale Production of Enhanced Phenol-formaldehyde (PLGF) Adhesive: Effect of Lignin-gluten Modification
C. F. Okey-Onyesolu, M. I. Ejimofor, A. D. Francis, J. C. Obeleogu, O. O. Aniekokwu
Journal of Materials Science Research and Reviews · pp. 77–86 · Published 23 Feb 2023
Abstract
Phenol–formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was successfully modified using lignin from palm fruit empty bunches and gluten from wheat four. The polymerization reaction was carried out under basic medium. 90% substitution of the phenol component of the Phenol–formaldehyde adhesives was achieved. Also 80% substitution for formaldehyde was also achieved. The mixture of 10:70:20 of phenol, lignin and formaldehyde under basic medium gelled at relatively low time (131min), with viscosity 768.2mPa.s, free formaldehyde value of 0.12% and solid content of 66.83%. The gel time was found to be a function of formaldehyde-phenol ratio; however introduction of lignin also affected the gel time positively. Further modification using gluten further lowered the gel time and free formaldehyde to 95min and 0.08%. Also, there was remarkable improvement on the solid content from 66.83 to 74.32%. Hence, modification of Phenol–formaldehyde resol using lignin and gluten can improve the resol quality.
Cited by 0
No indexed citations yet.
Related research
- Comparative Analysis of Health Risk Associated with Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde in Public and Private Mortuaries in Rivers State, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
- Structural and Dynamic Behaviour of Heterocycles Derived from Ethylenediamines with Formaldehyde: 1,3,5-Triazinanes and Bis(imidazolidinyl)methanes — shares topic coverage
- Assessment of Formaldehyde-Induced Arthritis (FIA) using Modified Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity Index (RADAI) on Adult Male Wistar Rats — shares topic coverage
- Development and Validation of Colorimetric and RP-HPLC Methods for the Determination of Formaldehyde in Cosmetics — shares topic coverage
- Comparative Assessment of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Public and Private Mortuaries in Rivers State, Nigeria — shares topic coverage
Article metrics
Real usage data collected on this platform.
0
Page views
0
PDF downloads
0
Outbound clicks
0
Citations
Views by country
Approximate, from request IP at view time — not citizenship or institution. Countries with fewer than 5 views are grouped as "Other".
No views recorded yet.
Traffic sources
Referring site, by host.
No traffic recorded yet.
Views and downloads exclude known bots/crawlers. Citations combines this platform's own DOI-resolved index with each external source's own reported total — see Cited by above for individually listed citing works. Last refreshed 0 seconds ago.