Assessment of the Wound Healing Property of the Ethanolic Seed Extract of Eleusine coracana Linn using the Chorioallantoic Membrane Model

Abstract

Access to readily available material for wound healing is very important. The wound healing property of Eleusine coracana a food source in Nigeria was therefore investigated. The ethanolic crude extract of the seed flour was prepared using maceration and qualitative phytochemical screening was carried out on the crude extract using standard methods. The antimicrobial activity of the E. coracana extract was determined using the disc diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and C. tetani. The wound healing property assay was carried out using the Chorioallantoic Membrane Model (CAM) at 50mg, 100mg, 150mg, and 200mg/ml concentration with the basic Fibroblast Growth Factor (bFGF) as the positive control. The crude extract was further fractionated into Hexane, Methanolic, and Aqueous fractions and then subjected to amino acid content analysis using the Applied Biosystems Phenylthiohydantoin (PTH) Amino Acid Analyzer. The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroids, terpenes, flavonoids, carbohydrates, glycoside, and protein. E. coli and S. aureus were susceptible to the E. coracana extract at a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 50µg/ml while the P. aeruginosa was only susceptible at 200µg/ml and C. tetani was not susceptible at all the concentrations used. An increase in percentage angiogenesis was observed at all doses of the extract used indicating good wound healing properties. The amino acid profile reveals the presence of glycine, a proline that is important in wound healing. The E. coracana seeds, therefore, have wound healing properties based on the CAM model.