Prevalence and Feto-maternal Outcomes of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia at Two Tertiary Health Care Facilities in Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Preeclampsia/eclampsia remains an important cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly where access to timely maternity care is limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence, patient characteristics, and pregnancy outcomes of preeclampsia/eclampsia managed at two tertiary health-care facilities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed cases managed between January, 1 2020 and December 31 2025. Maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics, mode of delivery, maternal complications, and foetal outcomes were analysed. Results: Among 8,685 deliveries, 1,148 cases of preeclampsia/eclampsia were identified, giving a prevalence of 13.21%. Preeclampsia accounted for 967 cases (11.13%) and eclampsia for 181 (2.08%). Nulliparous women constituted 56.9% of cases, 35.5% were aged 25–29 years, and 63.2% were unbooked. Caesarean section was the predominant mode of delivery (75.6%). Eighteen maternal deaths occurred, corresponding to a case-fatality rate of 1.57%. Perinatal outcomes included 176 cases of birth asphyxia, 113 stillbirths, and 75 early neonatal deaths; the reported perinatal mortality rate was 16.2%. Conclusion: Preeclampsia/eclampsia had a high prevalence in the two tertiary facilities and was associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The poorer outcomes among unbooked women support efforts to promote early antenatal booking, timely referral, and prompt use of appropriate maternity services.