Comparative Analysis of the Chemo-therapeutic Potential of Dialium guineense (Wild) and Annona muricata L. Leaf Extract on Dumpsite Leachate Induced Hepatoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Aims: To compare the chemo-therapeutic potential of Dialium guineense and Annona muricata Leaf extract on dumpsite leachate induced hepatoxicity of Wister rats. Study Design:  Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Animal and Environmental Biology (Animal Unit) and Department of Life Science, University of Benin, Benin city, Edo state, Nigeria, between January 2016 and July 2017. Methodology: A total of 30 Wister rats were acclimatized for two weeks and randomly distributed into five groups A to E; and were administered 2ml each different treatment protocol once every 48 hours for 30days.After the exposure period, the surviving rats were examined and sacrificed. Blood and organs were collected for analysis. After which the organ weight indices, clinical biochemistry, tissue histology and the expression of some hepatic pro-inflammatory genes were examined. Results: The concentration of heavy metals and anions in the test samples were above standard permissible limits. Biochemical analysis showed that leachate administration in Wister rats caused an increase in glucose 24.15%, albumin 32.73% with a decrease in alkaline phosphatase 63.91% and glucose 13.96%. Histopathological investigations indicated that the leachate provoked alterations in the liver tissue; which include mild infiltration vascular congestion, patchy vascular ulceration and a mild periportal filtrates of inflammatory cells. An increased expression of CCL11 mRNA, TGF-α mRNA and IL-1 in hepatic tissues as a result of leachate administration was observed. However, the administration of different abatements with the leachate prevented tissue damage in the Wister rat to varying degree in the following order: combined abatement >Dialium guineense>Annona muricata. Conclusion: The findings of the present study have shown the potentials of Ikhueniro dumpsite leachate to induce tissue and genetic dysfunction probably via direct and/or indirect chemical disruption of the blood. The combined abatement was a better abatement when compared to Dialium guineense and Annona muricata.