Multi-Drug Resistance Profile of Bacteria Isolates from Urinary Tract Infections amongst Hospitalized Male Patients in Benin City

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is prevalent among hospitalized male patients and is often complicated by multidrug resistance (MDR). Aim: This study determined the MDR profile of bacterial isolates from UTIs in hospitalized male patients at Faith Mediplex Hospital, Benin City. Methods: A cross-sectional study using randomized sampling was conducted on 50 urine samples. The samples were transported to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory at Benson Idahosa University. They were cultured on CLED and MacConkey agar and incubated aerobically for 24 hours. Bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against nine antibiotics. MDR isolates were subjected to molecular analysis. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM) version 27 with chi-square. Results: Among the 50 samples, 27 bacterial isolates from five genera were identified, revealing a 60% UTI prevalence. Staphylococcus aureus (44%) was the most common, followed by Escherichia coli (26%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%), Proteus mirabilis (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%). Gram-negative bacteria were more prevalent than Gram-positive bacteria. Imipenem (27.2%) and Ciprofloxacin (26.9%) showed the highest sensitivity. Most Gram-negative bacteria exhibited high resistance to Cephalosporins (Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone) and Penicillins (Augmentin, oxacillin). Molecular analysis revealed that isolates resistant to Augmentin harboured the TEM-resistant gene at 1000bp, confirming the molecular basis of resistance. Conclusion: These findings underscore the need for urgent monitoring and tailored antibiotic regimens to combat MDR in hospitalized male patients with UTIs at Faith Mediplex Hospital.