Evaluation of Healthcare Workers’ Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Aseptic Techniques in Primary Health Care Centres in Edo State, Nigeria

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and challenges faced by primary healthcare workers in maintaining aseptic techniques in their workplace. Methodology: This study employed a cross-sectional, descriptive research design to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and challenges faced by primary healthcare workers in maintaining aseptic techniques in their workplace. A total of four hundred and fifty (450) primary health care workers from selected Primary Health Centres (PHCs) in Edo State, Nigeria were recruited for this study. Participants were selected using a stratified random sampling method, ensuring representation from different facilities, professions, and geographical locations. A self-administered, structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Out of the 450 questionnaires administered, 441 were valid and included in the analysis. The demographic information of the respondents varied, with the majority being female (78.91%) and nurses (50.57%). The results demonstrated that the respondents had a good understanding of aseptic techniques, with most recognizing their importance in preventing the spread of infections. The majority of respondents considered aseptic techniques as important or very important and were confident in their ability to perform them. However, 57.14% felt that their workplace did not provide adequate training and resources for implementing aseptic techniques. When assessing practices and adherence, most healthcare workers frequently used aseptic techniques and had received training. However, there was still room for improvement in hand washing, wearing personal protective equipment, and sterilizing or disinfecting equipment. Additionally, 80.95% of respondents had observed colleagues not following aseptic techniques, and only 6.80% reported having ongoing initiatives or programs to promote aseptic techniques in their workplace. Regarding challenges faced, the majority (74.15%) reported multiple challenges in maintaining aseptic techniques, including insufficient training, lack of resources, time constraints, and inadequate support. Most participants (90.25%) have encountered situations where aseptic techniques could not be performed due to resource or equipment shortages. Suggested improvements included adequate training, increased resources, better PPE supply, and staff motivation, with 73.70% of participants endorsing all these suggestions. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for improvements in primary healthcare worker training, resources, and support to enhance the implementation of aseptic techniques, ultimately leading to better infection control and prevention in healthcare settings.